베토벤 (1770~1827) 후기 현악 4중주곡

  1. 작품 127: 현악 4중주 12번 E플랫 장조 (completed in 1825)
  2. 작품 130: 현악 4중주 13번 B플랫 장조
  3. 작품 133: 현악 4중주 13번 B플랫 장조 - 대 후가
  4. 작품 131: 현악 4중주 14번 C샤프 단조
  5. 작품 132: 현악 4중주 15번 A단조
  6. 작품 135: 현악 4중주 16번 F장조 (1826.07)

from 이 한장의 명반 / 안동림 - 315p

작품 127 이하의 후기 4중주곡들은 베토벤 최후의 음악 양식을 이해하고 만년의 베토벤의 인생관을 헤아리는 데 없어서는 안 될 중요한 작품이다. 피아노 소나타는 작품 101 이하 다섯 곡이 있지만 모두 1822년까지의 작품이며 그 이후의 베토벤과는 상관이 없다. 장엄미사도 그 이듬해 초에 완성했고 제9교향곡 역시 1824년 초에 작곡을 끝냈으므로 그 무렵의 베토벤의 충실한 작품 하면 현악 4중주곡밖에 없깄 때문이다. 그리고 후기 4중주곡 작곡은 베토벤이 죽기 전해인인 1826년 말까지 이어졌다.

이들 4중주곡에서 베토벤은 아주 새로운 세계를 펼져 보였다. 여섯 곡의 현악4중주곡은 구성적인 면이 너무 자유로워 좀 이해하기가 어렵다는 평이 있으나 다른 한편 그럴수록 독특한 매력이 있다고도 한다. 만년의 베토벤은 장대한 규모와 후가 및 변주곡의 수법을 이 여섯 곡에 도입하여 지금까지 볼 수 없던 유동적인 형식 속에 그의 사상을 표현하려 하고 있다. 그의 마지막 4중주곡에 이르면 때로는 종교적이기도 하고 또 철학적이기도 하여 인생의 온갖 양상에 대한 예민한 반을을 노래했다.

후기 현악 4중주곡에서 이미 장엄미사나 제9교향곡 같은, 평화를 이상주의적으로 추구하는 면모가 사라지고 보다 자기를 중심으로 한 사고의 세계에 잠겨 드는 경향을 보인다. 베토벤이 시인 레르슈타브에게 "나 자신을 즐겁게 할 음악을 앞으로는 쓰고 싶다"고 말한 사실을 보아도 그의 심경을 짐작할 수 있다.

작품 127: 현악 4중주 12번 E플랫 장조 (completed in 1825)

1. Maestoso (²/₄ time signature) – Allegro (³/₄ time signature)
2. Adagio, ma non troppo e molto cantabile (¹²/₈ initial time signature)
3. Scherzando vivace (³/₄ time signature)
4. Allegro (₵ time signature)

가지고 있는 레코딩
Quartetto Italiano / 1967 ~ 1869 / Paolo Borciani, Elisa Pegreffi, Piero Parulli, Franco Rossi
Alban Berg Quartett / 1989 / Gunter Pichler, Gerhard Schulz, Thomas Kakuska, Valentin Erben

산악자전거 피팅

Bike Fit Calculator 웹싸이트
http://www.competitivecyclist.com/Store/catalog/fitCalculatorBike.jsp?INT_ID=IB12809#type

내가 타본 자전거의 탑튜브, 리치(BB  to 헤드튜브 거리),  싯튜브 to BB 거리,  스템

• 스페셜 에픽콤프 2012(S)                           : 554 / 386/ 168/ 50
• 니꼴라이 AM 2010 (S)                               : 565 / 388/ 177/ 50 
• 니꼴라이 AM 2012 (Asian-S)                     : 550 / 376/ 174/ 50 
• 스페셜 스텀점퍼 FSR 콤프카본 2013(S)   : 567 / 399/ 168/ 60 

싸이트의 가이드에 따라서 측정한 신체 부위 싸이즈

프레임 사이즈, 스템길이 등 피팅 제안

XC-Riding 일 경우, 제안하는 Tob Tube 길이는 554 ~ 564

XC Fit
All Mountain
Gravity

3가지로 다르게 피팅가이드 제안




지오메트리 표

니꼴라이 AM (아시안스몰), 2012형, 26 인치 
(2012.11 ~ 2013.11)






-앞 체인링 20T
-헤드각도 66.5 / 160mm (36)포크 / 뒷샥 RP23 하이볼륨
-Wheelbase:1108, ChainStay: 429
-Handle bar:20mm riser (크랭크 브라더스)
-Step: 50mm
-앞타이어: 맥시스 하이롤러 2.35 / 뒷타이어: 스페셜라이즈드 퓨가토리 2.3 , 튜블리스
-자전거 무게: 14.4Kg

스페셜라이즈드 스텀점퍼 FSR 카본콤프 (스몰)  29인치 2013년 - 프레임 카본, 뒷 스윙암 알루미늄 (2013.12 ~ 현재)




-앞 체인링 22T
-구동계 20단 (시마노 XT & 스렘 X7)
-헤드각도 69 / 130mm 포크 / 뒷샥 폭스 CTD
-Wheelbase:1117, ChainStay: 450
-Handle bar: Enve flat bar (680) / Spacer 3개
-Stem: 50mm
-앞타이어: 스페셜라이즈드 퓨가토리 2.35 (튜블리스) / 뒷타이어: 스페셜 그라운드 콘트롤 2.3 --> 2.1 교체
-자전거 무게: 13.1Kg

출퇴근, XC Racing, 트레일, 올마 전천후로 타기에 적당하다.
휠베이스가 길어서 인지 남한산성 고골 초입, 승마장 다운 초입 같은 아주 타이트한 턴이나 스위치 백에서 핸들링이 힘들다. 다운시의 안정감은 니꼴라이보다 좋은것 같다.  우담바라, 남한산성, 불문맹 근교의 싱글, 임도에서 타기에 적당하다.

뒷 타이어를 2.3에서 2.1로 교체하고 나서 민첩성과 가속력이 좋아졌다. 그리고 업힐이 훨씬 수월해 졌다. 다면 급경사, 험한 다운에서 그립력이 떨어지는 건 어쩔수 없다. 휠셋을 가벼운 걸로 교체하면 전체적으로 업그레이드가 될 것 같다.

Mental Affects of Cycling: Your Brain on Bicycling

http://www.bicycling.com/training-nutrition/training-fitness/your-brain-bicycling

It's no secret that cycling makes you fitter. It also sharpens your thinking and melts away stress. Now researchers are discovering why—and exactly how you can maximize the cognitive benefits of a good ride.

Every morning Canadian neuroscientist Brian Christie, PhD, gives his brain an extra boost. We're not talking about tossing back multiple strong shots of espresso or playing one of those mind-training games advertised all over Facebook.

"I hop on my bike, go to the gym for 45 minutes, then ride the rest of the way to work," says Christie. "When I get to my desk, my brain is at peak activity for a few hours." After his mental focus sputters to a halt later in the day, he jump-starts it with another short spin to run errands.

Ride, work, ride, repeat. It's a scientifically proven system. In a recent study in the Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, scientists found that people scored higher on tests of memory, reasoning, and planning after 30 minutes of spinning on a stationary bike than they did before they rode. They also completed the tests faster after pedaling.

Grow Your Mind Exercise is like fertilizer for your brain. All those hours spent turning your cranks create rich capillary beds not only in your quads and glutes, but also in your gray matter. More blood vessels in your brain and muscles mean more oxygen and nutrients to help them work, says Christie.

When you pedal, you also force more nerve cells to fire. As these neurons light up, they intensify the creation of proteins like brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and a compound called noggin (yes, really), which promote the formation of new brain cells. The result: You double or triple the production of neurons—literally building your brain, says Christie. You also release neurotransmitters (the messengers between your brain cells) so all those cells, new and old, can communicate with each other for better, faster functioning.

This kind of growth is especially important with each passing birthday, because as we age, our brains shrink and those connections weaken. Exercise restores and protects the organ, says Arthur Kramer, PhD, a neuroscientist at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. "Our research finds that after only three months, people who exercised had the brain volume of those three years younger," says Kramer, referring to a study that examined the brains of 59 sedentary volunteers between the ages of 60 and 79 who either did an exercise program or were inactive for six months.

A bigger, more connected brain simply works better. "Adults who exercise display sharper memory skills, higher concentration levels, more fluid thinking, and greater problem-solving ability than those who are sedentary," says Kramer.

Ride Your Way Smarter So if a little exercise boosts your mental acumen, will going longer and harder earn you Mensa membership? Not so much, says Christie. More isn't always better, especially in the short term, he says. The same study that reported brain benefits from a short exercise session also revealed that more intense efforts can temporarily compromise memory and information processing, something Christie has seen firsthand.

It's clear that physical activity like cycling boosts production of feel-good chemicals such as serotonin and dopamine.

Christie's teenage daughter also kicks off her day with exercise—specifically rowing practice, usually with searing interval sets. But instead of leaving her brain firing on all cylinders, the workout leaves her a little stalled out when she arrives at school. "Short term, you're on a U-shaped curve for exercise and mental benefits," says Christie. "Too little and your brain doesn't get what it needs to work optimally. Too much and your body has sapped the glucose and other resources it needs, so it's hindered until it recovers." The sweet spot for sharp mental acuity right after exercise is about 30 to 60 minutes of aerobic riding at roughly 75 percent of your maximum heart rate, or an effort of 7 on a scale of 1 (standing still) to 10 (going all out).

Positive Spin Of course, there's a lot more to mental fitness than just improving your smarts. Plenty of science backs the idea that a good ride can also have emotional benefits. Cycling can elevate your mood, relieve anxiety, increase stress resistance, and even banish the blues. 

"Exercise works as well as psychotherapy and antidepressants in the treatment of depression, maybe better," says James Blumenthal, PhD, professor of behavioral medicine in the department of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina. A recent study analyzing 26 years of research finds that even just some exercise—as little as 20 to 30 minutes a day—can prevent depression over the long term.

At the moment, scientists don't completely understand the exact mechanisms, but they do know that physical activity like cycling boosts the production of feel-good chemicals such as serotonin and dopamine. "As soon as our lab rats start running on their wheels, they get a 100 to 200 percent increase in serotonin levels," says J. David Glass, PhD, a brain-chemistry researcher at Kent State University in Kent, Ohio.

As you pedal past the 20-to 30-minute mark, other mood-lifting chemicals like endorphins and cannabinoids (which, as the name suggests, are in the same family of chemicals that give pot smokers their high) kick in. When researchers asked 24 men to either run or pedal at a moderate intensity or sit for about 50 minutes, they found high blood levels of anandamide, a natural cannabinoid, in the exercisers, but not in sedentary volunteers.

Even better, regularly riding your bike helps keep hormones like adrenaline and cortisol in check, which means you'll feel less stressed and you'll bounce back from anxiety-filled situations more easily.

The sweet spot for sharpening mental acuity right after exercise is about 30 to 60 minutes of aerobic riding at roughly 75 percent of your maximum heart rate.

Remember: Although it's healthy, exercise itself is a stress, especially when you're just getting started or back into riding. When you first begin to exert yourself, your body releases cortisol to raise your heart rate, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels, says Monika Fleshner, PhD, a professor of integrative physiology at the University of Colorado at Boulder. As you get fitter, it takes a longer, harder ride to trigger that same response. "For people who are active, it takes a greater crisis to trigger the cortisol response as compared with sedentary people," says Fleshner. "So now you can go into a stressful environment and be okay. You can endure a lot more before you kick off a stress response."

What's the cycling prescription for happiness? The authors of a recent review study on exercise and depression came up with the following guidelines to ward off the blues with aerobic exercise: Do three to five sessions a week. Each session should be 45 to 60 minutes long and keep your heart rate between 50 and 85 percent of your max. Of course, that's just a minimum recommendation aimed at the general public. You can go ahead and ride to your heart's—and mind's—content.